The TMJ, or Temporo-Mandibular Joint, allows the lower jaw (the mandible) to move up, down and sideways. Many factors can damage it. When that happens, the resulting situation is Temporo-Mandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome, TMJ or TMD for short. People refer to the joint itself and problems affecting it by the initials TMJ.
The parts of the TMJ are the fossas, hollows in the skull just in front of each ear; the condyle, the rounded ends of the mandible that fit into the fossas; and the meniscus, pads cushioning and protecting the bones from rubbing together.
Like any joint, disease and overuse may cause pain and impairment. Eat a sandwich quickly, chew beef jerky or yawn widely, there may be repercussions. Arthritis, connective tissue disease and muscle stiffness cause pain and dysfunction.
First aid measures may be effective until it is possible to get to the dental office. Rest the joint and the muscles by avoiding hard, crunchy or chewy foods. To decrease inflammation, take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen and aspirin. The normal dose is not enough. Consult your dentist, physician or pharmacist to determine the right dose. Additionally, a dentist may prescribe a muscle relaxant.
Most find that the first aid measures bring on relief quickly. Continue resting the TMJ for a week.
Definitive treatment for Temporo-Mandibular Joint Dysfunction includes creating an effective bite with removable devices, fixed and removable bridgework or orthodontic braces. Many people find relief with massage therapy, chiropractic work, biofeedback and acupuncture. Rarely, dentists recommend surgery.
If a meniscus does not stay between the fossa and condyle, there may be a click or pop as it changes position. A fully displaced meniscus may not cause a click or pop. However, the jaw may move to the same side as the displaced meniscus or lock open or closed. This may be a painful condition.
The displaced meniscus may correct itself within days, or a dentist can reset the meniscus. Before and after resetting the meniscus, follow the first aid measures. If the condition does not improve or returns, contact your dentist.
Author: Dr. David Leader
© 2008 Associated Content